Telecommunications Industry-Marketing of Vodafone Essay

Telecommunications Industry-Marketing of Vodafone - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that the main products of the company as well as its main marketing activities, their evolution over time and the major hurdles in this regard are evaluated. Moreover, how they are successful in their decision making are also evaluated. The organization of the essay is as follows. Section 2 discusses the company in detail including its products and services and its mission and vision. Section 3 discusses the orientation of the company towards marketing including the attitude towards marketing, its evolution over time and the major barriers for the company to be faced. Section 4 discusses the  Ã‚   marketing research activities of Vodafone for the decision making purpose and its evaluation. Section 5 concludes the essay.As the paper highlights  Vodafone is one of the most famous mobile companies in the telecommunication industry with its headquarters at United Kingdom. The company has branches all over the world mainly focused in Europe.  It has been growing very fast in the last two decades with its financial performance increasing significantly. The main products of the company include web.  The main products of the company include web box and two varieties of Vodafone.  The main services of the company include business solutions, personal solutions, marketing solutions, personal ideas and mobile solutions. The main markets of this company include Europe, Middle East, Asia Pacific, Africa and the United States.... Section 5 concludes the essay. 2. The company Vodafone is one of the most famous mobile companies in the telecommunication industry with its headquarters at United Kingdom. The company has branches all over the world mainly focused in Europe (Vodafone, 2011a).It has been growing very fast in the last two decades with its financial performance increasing significantly (Vodafone, 2011b). The main products of the company include web box and two varieties of Vodafone. Moreover, the products include handsets, smart phones, voice and messaging services, and branded handsets. The main services of the company include business solutions, personal solutions, marketing solutions, personal ideas and mobile solutions (Vodafone, 2011).The main markets of this company include Europe, Middle East, Asia Pacific, Africa and the United States. The mission of the company is to become the world leader in telecommunications industry .The vision includes leading the telecommunications industry in response to public concerns like mobile phones, masts and health. The primary goals of the company include driving operational performance, pursuing growth opportunities in total communications, execution in emerging markets and strengthening market discipline. All these are aimed at the main objective generation of free cash flow. Accelerated customer growth and immediate geographic expansion had been the two guiding factors behind the company’s success. Based on these, the next section discusses the attitude of the company towards marketing and its evolution over time. The main barriers and challenges for the company are also shown below. 3. Orientation towards Marketing The company tries to retain its image in markets already existing as well as uses celebrities like David

Investor Psychology and Return Predictability Essay

Investor Psychology and Return Predictability - Essay Example To do so, we start with a traditional constant relative risk aversion utility function. This type of utility function is a standard criterion for choices under uncertainty. This function is expanded in a Taylor approximation up to the fourth order. The first two moments correspond to mean and variance. The third and fourth moment correspond to a directional measure of extreme events and to a symmetric measure respectively. A negative third moment indicates that there are more extreme negative realizations than there are positive ones. The fourth moment measures how the tails of the return distribution compare with the tails of the Gaussian distribution. From a technical point of view, in our paper, a numerical optimization takes place where the allocation involves higher moments. More pronounced results expected in the case one consider portfolios of individual stocks. Our findings are the following: a) When an investor may allocate his wealth to the indices and to the risk-free asset, then the weights corresponding to the risky assets are essentially unaffected by the introduction of a concern for the third or fourth moments. c) As the third moment comes to play a role, Asia (except Japan) gets less weighted because it contains large negative returns, whereas the importance of Japan is increased. The strong weighting of Japan comes from the fact that the Japanese returns contain several very large positive outliers generating a positive third moment. The implication of this research is that the traditional utility functions or expansions thereof may not sufficiently weigh realizations of extreme nature. This brings up the question how to adapt a utility function so that more weight is given to extreme realizations. A further question is how the allocation would change in a conditional setting, or with individual stocks rather than with portfolios, since in such circumstances, one may expect that higher moments take larger values than in the present setting. These questions are left for future research. Abstract Investment strategy is the first issue that investors should consider. At the outset, investing is an act of faith, a willingness to postpone present consumption and save for the future. Investing for the long term is central to the achievement of optimal returns by investors. Unfortunately, the principle of investing for the long term-eschewing funds with high turnover portfolios and holding shares in soundly managed funds as investments for a lifetime- is honoured more in the breach than in the observance by most mutual fund managers and shareholders. This proposition for investor's psychology affect the return predictability can be shown to be precisely true in several popular mathematical models of the portfolio decision. If returns are independent over time, then the mean and variance of continuously compounded returns rises in proportion to the horizon: The